Motivational Orientation, Boredom and Fun in Physical Education: The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem and Motor Self-Efficacy.

Adolescents who enjoy physical education (PE) classes are more likely to be active during out-of-school hours. Similarly, achievement goal theory suggests that task-oriented motivation is associated with higher levels of reported fun during PE classes. In contrast, ego-oriented motivation has been related to boredom in class, but some self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem or motoric self-efficacy) may modify this relationship and are important for physical activity. Our aim in this paper was to analyze the relationships between motivational orientation and fun and boredom in PE classes by assessing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy. We surveyed 478 teenagers between 13 and 18 years of age (M = 14.57; SD = 1.15) with the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Scale (SSI-EF). We used a structural equation model to evaluate relationships between these variables of interest. We found a positive relationship between ego orientation and boredom and between task orientation and fun; and we found a negative relationship between task orientation and boredom in PE classes. Importantly, we observed indirect effects from self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy in the relationships between motivational orientation and boredom and fun in PE. These results highlight the importance of students' motivational orientations in PE classes and illustrate that self-perception of self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy can mediate these relationships.

Validación de un protocolo de Finger Tapping Test Informatizado / Validation of a Computerized Finger Tapping Test protocol

El Finger Tapping Test (FTT) es una prueba neurofisiológica con largo bagaje en el campo de la neuropsicología, utilizada para examinar el control motor. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue validar una versión informatizada del FTT, estimando su validez concurrente con pruebas estandarizadas de ansiedad y ansiedad precompetitiva. Formaron parte del estudio 102 participantes, de los cuales 47 practicaban actividad físico-deportiva de forma habitual y 55 no. El 34’31% de la muestra fueron hombres y el 65’68% mujeres. Se utilizaron dos versiones informáticas del FTT, junto a los cuestionarios Inventario del Estado de Ansiedad en Competición-2 (CSAI2), Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI), Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (ISRA), Inventario de Ansiedad Competitiva (SCAT) y Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ). Se encontraron correlaciones entre los pulsos de la modalidad clásica y versión movimiento y con algunas de las escalas de los cuestionarios utilizados como fue supresión emocional, ansiedad cognitiva y somática y, especialmente, autoconfianza. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de relieve la alta validez concurrente del programa. (AU)

The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a neurophysiological test with a long history in the field of neuropsychology, used to examine motor control. The objective of the present investigation was to validate a computerized version of the FTT, estimating its concurrent validity with standardized tests of anxiety and precompetitive anxiety. A total of 102 participants took part in the study, of which 47 practiced physical activity and sports on a regular basis, and 55 did not. 34.31% of the sample were men and 65.68% were women. Two computerized versions of the FTT were used, along with the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI2), State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI), Situation and Response Anxiety Inventory (ISRA), Competitive Anxiety Inventory (SCAT) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Correlations were found between the pulses of the classic modality and movement version and with some of the scales of the questionnaires used, such as emotional suppression, cognitive and somatic anxiety, and, especially, self-confidence. The results show that the FTT has stability in terms of its evaluation, as well as high concurrent validit (AU)

Mixed-Methods Analysis of Emotional Quality in Sports Organizations: Facial Expressions of Child Users of Sports Services as Data.

Proper quality management of sports services requires knowledge of the needs, perceptions, expectations, and emotions of users. Facial expressions provide relevant information about the immediate perception of stimuli. The objective of this study was therefore to analyze how a group of child users of sports services expressed their satisfaction with the programs in which they participated through facial expressions during an in-depth interview tailored to their age. Nineteen child users of a sports organization (aged from 5 to 12 years) were interviewed, involving both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The analysis of facial expressions was performed using Face Reader v.6.1.10, which automatically analyzes eight categories of facial expressions (six basic emotions, one neutral, and one unidentified). The data collection and transformation procedures fully satisfied the requirement for flexibility and provide new perspectives for incorporating data into the study of biopsychosocial factors in everyday contexts using a Mixed-Methods approach. In addition, the generalizability analysis itself, carried out to determine the levels of reliability, generalizability and precision of the sample (with relative and absolute G indexes of between 0.86 and 0.93 for the three analyses performed), was also a Mixed-Methods procedure.

Modelo tridimensional de la calidad en organizaciones deportivas: calidad emocional en usuarios/as infantiles / Modelo tridimensional de qualidade em organizações desportivas: qualidade emocional de crianças utilizadoras / Tridimensional model of quality in sport organizatons: emotional quality in children users

En el presente estudio el objetivo principal es evaluar la calidad en las organizaciones deportivas, centrado en el análisis de la calidad emocional de los servicios deportivos infantiles. Para ello, es necesario analizar los criterios relevantes para los/as usuarios/as más pequeños/as y contrastarla con la de sus padres/madres, empleados/as y responsables de las instalaciones deportivas y así poder contribuir a una mejora en la gestión de la calidad total de los servicios deportivos municipales. Se trabaja con 74 participantes obtenidos mediante un muestro intencional, de los cuales 47 participaron en las entrevistas individuales y 27 en los grupos focales. Se emplea una metodología mixta (mixed methods) con un diseño incrustado, realizando entrevistas individuales y grupos focales, desde la vertiente cualitativa, y hallando la comparación de proporciones entre las frecuencias de determinadas categorías desde la vertiente cuantitativa. El análisis de contenido se realizó con el programa Atlas ti v.7.1.8., y la comparación de proporciones con la prueba binomial y el programa Statgraphics. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las facetas referentes a la dimensión de calidad emocional o relacional, como la comprensión auténtica, iniciativa y empatía son determinantes para tener una calidad positiva del servicio, junto a los aspectos tangibles. Existen diferencias entre los aspectos óptimos y no óptimos. Se concluye, que una buena interacción entre los/as empleados/ as y usuarios/as es determinante para la calidad de servicios deportivos, así como el buen estado, conservación, imagen y limpieza de los elementos tangibles, junto a una buena higiene y vestimenta adecuada por parte de los/as empleados/as (AU)

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar a qualidade das organizações desportivas, centrando-se na análise da qualidade emocional dos serviços desportivos para crianças. Para isso, afigura-se necessário analisar os critérios relevantes para os utilizadores mais pequenos e contrastar com os dos seus pais/mães, funcionários e responsáveis pelas instalações desportivas, para assim contribuir para a melhoria da gestão da qualidade total dos serviços municipais. Utilizaram-se 74 participantes encontrados através de uma amostra intencional, dos quais 47 participaram em entrevistas individuais e 27 em grupos focais. Aplicou-se uma metodologia mista (mixed methods) com um desenho incrustado, realizando-se entrevistas individuais e grupos focais desde a vertente qualitativa, e realizando-se a comparação de proporções entre as frequências de determinadas categorias desde a vertente quantitativa. A análise de conteúdo realizou-se através do programa Atlas ti v.7.1.8., enquanto que a comparação de propor- ções foi realizada através da prova binomial e do programa Statgraphics. Os resultados obtidos com a prova binomial indicam que as facetas referentes à dimensão qualidade emocional ou relacional, assim como a compreensão autêntica, iniciativa e empatia são determinantes para obter uma qualidade positiva dos serviços em relação a aspetos tangíveis. Existem diferenças entre os aspetos ótimos e não ótimos. Conclui-se que uma boa interação entre os funcionários e os usuários é determinante para a qualidade dos serviços desportivos, assim como o bom estado, conservação, imagem e limpeza dos elementos tangíveis, incluindo-se uma boa higiene e vestuário adequado por parte dos funcionário (AU)

The main aim in this paper is the quality assessment in sport organizations, and is focused in the analysis of emotional quality of children’s sport services. It’s necessary to analyze the relevant criteria for youngest users and to contrast with the corresponding criteria from parents, workers and responsibles from facilities sport, in order to improve the total quality management in children’s sport services. There are 74 participants, chosen from an intentional sampling; 47 participants answered individual interview, and 27 participated in focused groups. This study has done from mixed methods, with an embebbed design, that implies individual interviews and focused groups fron qualitative approach, and compared proportions in some categories from quantitative approach. The content analysis has done with Atlas ti v. 7.1.8 software, and compared proportions through binomial test and Statgraphics software. The results show us that the facets related with emotional or relational quality dimension, and also authentic comprehension, initiative and empathy, are relevant to have a positive quality of services, together the tangible aspects. There are some differences between optimal and non optimal services. As a conclusion, a good interaction between workers and users is very important for the quality of sport services, and also the good appearance, preservation, image and cleaning of tangible elements, moreover a good hygiene and idoneous clothes from workers (AU)

Evaluación de la calidad total en servicios municipales deportivos orientados a la población infantil: Aportaciones desde el análisis cualitativo con ATLAS. ti / Evaluation of total quality in sports municipal services geared to children: Contributions from the qualitative analysis ATLAS. ti

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad total de los servicios deportivos municipales de Alcalá la Real (Jaén), analizando tres dimensiones: funcional, emocional y aspectos tangibles. La muestra estuvo formada por usuarios/as infantiles junto con los gerentes, el personal de contacto (atención al usuario/a y monitores/as) de las instalaciones municipales deportivas, el coordinador del Área de Deportes del Ayuntamiento y padres/madres de los/las niños/as que participan en las diferentes actividades deportivas. La metodología empleada es cualitativa a través del análisis de contenido que se realizó con el programa Atlas.ti 7.1.3. Los instrumentos de recogida de información fueron entrevistas individuales y grupos focales grabadas con cámaras digitales. Se concluye que los/las usuarios/as infantilesal evaluar la calidad total de los servicios deportivos dan una relevancia importante a los aspectos tangibles, y destacan los aspectos emocionales y de relación afectiva sobre los funcionales de la calidad del servicio (AU)

The aim of the current study is to assess the total quality of the municipal sports services of Alcalá la Real, analyzing the three dimensions of quality service: functional, emotional and tangibles. the sample is composed of child users, contact personnel (attention personnel of the users and coaches) of the municipal sports facilities, sport coordinator of the town council and the parents of the children the different sports. the qualitative methodology has used for the content analysis. The instrument used for data collections are individual interviews and focus groups filmed with a video camera. For content analysis we used the Atlas.ti 7.1.3 software. According to results tangibles were very important for child users when they evaluate the total quality of the sports services and the emotional aspect were also found to me more important than the functional quality of service (AU)

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade geral dos serviços desportivos municipais de Alcalá la Real (Jaén), analisando três dimensões: funcional, emocional e aspectos tangíveis. A amostra foi constituída por utilizadores(as) crianças, juntamente com os gestores, o pessoal de contacto (atendimento ao cliente e monitores ( as), o coordenador da área de Desporto do Município e pais/mães de crianças que participam nas diferentes actividades desportivas. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa recorrendo-se à análise de conteúdo, que foi realizada com o programa Atlas.ti 7.1.3. Os instrumentos de recolha de informação utilizados foram entrevistas individuais e a grupos focais gravadas com câmeras digitais. Conclui-se que os utilizadores/crianças ao avaliarem a qualidade total dos serviços desportivos dão uma relevância importante aos aspectos tangíveis, e enfatizam os aspectos emocionais e afetivos relativamente aos aspectos da qualidade funcional do serviço (AU)

Tratamiento metodológico de la observación indirecta en la gestión de organizaciones deportivas / Indirect observational methodology in managing sports services

Contemplar al usuario/a como elemento clave de la gestión, es una de las tendencias que actualmente ha recibido mucha atención científica. Sin embargo, la evaluación de la calidad de los programas deportivos orientados a la población infantil, es escasa, queda evidenciado en los pocos estudios realizados. Por ello, consideramos necesario realizar un estudio dirigido a la población infantil, como usuarios directos, ya que se trata del grupo social más numeroso a la hora de realizar actividades físicas y, la necesidad de crear y consolidar hábitos deportivos que pueden repercutir en estilos de vida saludables. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es plantear un desarrollo metodológico de observación indirecta con el fin de profundizar en la evaluación de la calidad en los servicios municipales deportivos orientados a la población infantil. En la actualidad, el desarrollo metodológico ha beneficiado de manera muy notoria a la observación indirecta. Se trata de documentos de los cuales hemos aprendido a extraer información válida y consistente; documentos que pueden tener un alto valor informativo, pero que formalmente requieren de una preparación que los adecúen para alcanzar la necesaria sistematización. Para ello contrastamos las percepciones de los usuarios/as más pequeños/as (de 8 a 12 años) con la de los/as padres/madres y el personal experto de las instalaciones municipales deportivas, para adecuar y mejorar los servicios deportivos orientados a la población infantil. Para la recogida de información se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y para el tratamiento de los datos, se utilizó el programa Atlas Ti. Los datos aquí presentados forman parte de un trabajo de mayor envergadura

Researchers are paying increasing attention to users as a key component in service management. However, very few studies have sought to examine the quality of sports services for children. This is perhaps surprising when one considers that physical activity is engaged in more by children than by any other social group, not to mention the importance of developing and consolidating children’s interest in sport so as to help promote healthy lifestyles. With this in mind the present study uses indirect observation as a means of assessing the quality of municipal sports services for children. In recent years the indirect observational approach has made a notable contribution to the development of research methodologies. Indeed, it has been shown that valid, reliable information can be extracted from documents of various kinds. However, in order to ensure that such information is of high value, these documents need to be prepared in such a way that systematic analyses are possible. This study focuses on the quality of sports services for children and compares the views of children (8-12 years old) with those of parents and of the staff of municipal sports facilities. The aim was to gather information that could help improve such services and tailor them more to children’s needs. The information was gathered by means of in-depth interviews, the contents of which were then analysed using Atlas.ti software. The data presented here forms part of a broader research project